Abstract
This article is based on the author’s works and papers of Arthur Iberall, which are represented in the encyclopedia by Libb Thims – EoHT http://www.eoht.info/ . In our time hierarchical thermodynamics and homeokinetics should investigate the similar life problems of universe and biological world.
Hierarchical thermodynamics was founded by author in 1977. The preprint of first article was published in English and sent to some colleagues of different American universities and scientific centers in September 1977 [1].
Hierarchical thermodynamics, also called
macrothermodynamics or structure thermodynamics , is the study of complex heterogeneous chemical and biological systems, at all levels of hierarchy, from small atomic to large human social complexes and ecological systems [2-5]. Although the hierarchical thermodynamics can be used for any hierarchies of the world I discussed the problems for life (biological) hierarchies primarily.
A “hierarchical system” in the long temporal scheme is open to the exchange of matter and energy with the environment, but that within the smaller evolution windows, in which a subsystem is considered to be surrounded by a physical thermostat, are considered as thermodynamically closed (quasi-closed) and hence applicable to classical thermodynamic analysis. Each hierarchical system determined, in this point of view, represents a set of subordinate subsystems related hierarchically by their positions in space, i.e. structurally, or in spatial hierarchy, and or in time, i.e. in a time hierarchy. The central notion in hierarchical thermodynamics is the conception of the “partial evolution” of the
i- th process, i.e. the aggregation of the k- th components of the system participating in process i on level j. The hierarchical thermodynamics is a linear kinetic thermodynamics of near to equilibrium systems in which variations in the functions of state over time occur. The hierarchical thermodynamics was created on the 19-th century foundation of the exact physicochemical theories of Willard Gibbs. Hierarchical thermodynamics is a further development of Gibbsian theory and to within a known approximation is applied to systems of all temporal (structural) hierarchies of real world [5].
The hierarchical thermodynamics investigate
thermodynamic self-organization. This term is a variant of self-organization , used prominently among Russian scientists, referring to assembly behaviors describable by thermodynamics in the near-equilibrium range [6]. The term is used such to distinguish two variants of energy dispersion: (a) operations related to near-equilibrium processes (thermodynamic self-organization) and (b) operations related to non-equilibrium processes (dynamic self-organizations), the latter generally being associated with Prigoginean thermodynamics . In my view the hierarchical thermodynamics, thermodynamic self-organization is defined as the spontaneous ordered joining of the structures of the i -th hierarchy into structures of the (i+1) -th hierarchy [6].
In August 1978 was published the article “ Homeokinetics : A Physical Science for Complex Systems” by Soodak H. and Iberall A. [7, 8]. Later Arthur Iberall published many articles in the field of homeokinetics. Homeokinetics treats all complex systems on an equal footing, animate and inanimate , providing them with a common viewpoint. The subject of homeokinetics, in this sense, seems to be similar to my article on hierarchical thermodynamics which was presented circa 1977 [1, 8]. Later Arthur Iberall defined homeokinetics as a “generalized thermodynamic approach to complex systems.” Homeokinetics is described as the study of complex systems, such as universes, galaxies, social systems, people, down to simple systems such as gases. The entire universe consists of atomistic-like units bound in interactive ensembles to form systems, level by level in a nested hierarchy.
Now we can say that
homeokinetics is a method of applying the laws of thermodynamics to all self-organizingsystems of the universe , including human systems , with focus on the vertical movements and exchanges between hierarchic systems [8]. The following quote is subject originator Arthur Iberall ‘s circa 2000 video interview description of homeokinetics [8]: “Ordinary physics is a flatland physics applying to any particular level. Homeokinetics physics is associated with that is the up down processes that bind the levels; the up down movements implies thermodynamics , among other things.”
Note, that “the vertical movements and exchanges between hierarchic systems” are controlled primarily by my principle of substance stability [9].
Thus A. Iberall and H. Soodak after me (1977) in 1978 have done a second step for understanding the role of hierarchical interactions in evolution of structure of our world. Now hierarchical thermodynamics and homeokinetics should investigate the similar life problems of universe and biological world.
Note that such a situation exists with the article of Hamilton H.J [10]. This author was well informed about the preprint of my publication that was published six months before his work. Mr. Hamilton wrote about the hierarchical thermodynamics from the viewpoint of biological evolution theory of I. Prigogine. His work had relied heavily on my hierarchical approach, which was created on the foundation of the theory of JW Gibbs. All this was well known the author of article on the biological evolution http://www.eoht.info/page/Evolution However, he ignored the priority publication [1] in this his paper.
Literature
1. Gladyshev, Georgi, P. (1978). ” On the Thermodynamics of Biological Evolution “,
Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol. 75, Issue 4, Dec 21, pp. 425-441 (Preprint, Chernogolovka, Institute of Chem. Phys. Academy of Science of USSR, May, 1977, 46 pgs).
2. Gladyshev, G.P. (1988).
Thermodynamics and Macrokinetics of Natural Hierarchical Processes (287 pgs). Moscow: Nauka Publ., (in Russian).
3. Gladyshev, Georgi, P. (1997). Thermodynamic Theory of the Evolution of Living Beings, (appendix two).Commack, New York: Nova Science Publishers.
4. Gladyshev, Georgiy P. (2003). Supramolecular Thermodynamics is a Key to Understanding Phenomenon of Life.
What is Life from a Physical Chemist’s Viewpoint . (144 pgs) Second ed. Moscow – Izhevsk: ICE Publ., (in Russian).
5. http://www.eoht.info/page/Hierarchical+thermodynamics
http://knol.google.com/k/georgi-gladyshev/-/3hr52gyju6t3d/0#knols
http://knol.google.com/k/georgi-p/-/169m15f5ytneq/0#
6. http://www.eoht.info/page/Thermodynamic+self-organization
7. Soodak H., Iberall A. (1978). “ Homeokinetics : A Physical Science for Complex Systems” ( abstract ),
Science , 201(4356): 597-82.
8. http://www.eoht.info/page/Homeokinetics
9. http://www.eoht.info/page/Principle+of+substance+stability
10. Hamilton, H.J.A thermodynamic theory of the origin and hierarchical evolution of living systems. Zygon,Volume 12,Issue 4,pages 289–335,December 1977.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1977.tb00315.x/abstract
gladyshevevolution 